Ap American Dbq Strict and Loose Constructionists, Jefferson and Madison Presidencies Essay Example

Ap American Dbq Strict and Loose Constructionists, Jefferson and Madison Presidencies Essay During the presidencies of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, the characterization of Jeffersonian Republicans as strict constructionists and Federalists as loose constructionists was generally true for the most part. While both Presidents were Democratic-Republicans and often adopted a strict constructionist view, there were several exceptions in which they or other Republicans adopted a loose constructionist view. The same goes for the Federalists, who had several examples of them adopting a strict constructionist view.During the time of the Jefferson and Madison presidencies, the Democratic-Republicans were often considered to be strict constructionists. This is seen in multiple occasions in which the Presidents (both of which were Republicans) or other members of the party took actions from a strict constructionist stand-point. While in office, Jefferson reduced the size of the Navy and put limitations on the military, which was a strict constructionist view at the time. The Con stitution only gave the Federal government the power to maintain a military, and Jefferson felt that the country could be maintained with a smaller force, thus why he limited it.Jefferson also did not run for a third term, following the two-term limit policy that Washington had ‘created. ’ By respecting this element of the â€Å"un-written† Constitution, Jefferson was following a strict constructionist viewpoint. Also, Jefferson expressed a strict constructionist view in several personal letters. In one to Gideon Granger in 1800, he stated his own and the party’s intentions to get â€Å"a majority in the legislature of the United States, attached to the preservation of the federal Constitution,† and even stated in the letter that the Federalists loose constructionist views would be detrimental to the country (Document A).In another letter to Samuel Miller, a Presbyterian minister, in early 1808, he also clearly showed his strict constructionist view s by stating that â€Å"certainly no power to prescribe any religious exercise, or to assume authority in religious discipline, has been delegated to the general [federal] government† (Document B). This entire statement shows Jefferson’s strict following of the Constitution and that he will not allow the Federal government to deal in religious matters because it doesn’t say the government can in the Constitution, thus exhibiting those strict constructionist views.Notably, he vetoed the passing of the Internal Improvements Bill in 1817, saying that â€Å"such a power is not expressly given by the Constitution,† which also shows his strict constructionist views (Document H). While many of the Republicans during the Jefferson and Madison years held strict constructionist views, there were times where the Presidents took actions that could be considered loose constructionist. One example of this was Jefferson’s passing of the Embargo Act of 1807 (Docum ent C).This action was considered a loose constructionist action because the Constitution stated that the government had the right to regulate commerce and trade, with some people arguing that that did not mean they had the authority to completely cut off trade. Another example of Thomas Jefferson practicing loose constructionist views was when he bought the Louisiana territory from the French in 1804 without the Senate’s approval. This was a loose constructionist action because no where in the Constitution it says the executive branch has the authority to make such a purchase without the Senate approving the purchase.Jefferson justified the purchase with the Elastic Clause, a clause commonly used by loose constructionists to justify some of their actions not expressed in the Constitution. Besides these actions, Thomas Jefferson showed his shift to loose constructionist thinking in a letter in 1816 to Samuel Kercheval, in which he expressed that governments needed to know how to change with the times rather than staying exactly the same in its ways of thinking (Document G).While the Republicans generally held a strict constructionist view of the Constitution, Federalists tended to have a loose constructionist view of the Constitution during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison. An example of this would be when various Federalists assembled in the Hartford Convention from 1812 to 1815 to discuss making amendments to the Constitution to help the northeastern states, though the talks would eventually turn to talks of secession (Document E).This shows how the Federalists held a loose constructionist view of the Constitution and were willing to make alterations to the document. Another example of Federalists holding loose constructionist views during this time is seen in John Marshall, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during Jefferson and Madison’s terms. A notable Federalist, John Marshall was a strong advocate of the Elastic Clause. He al so created the concept of Judicial Review in the famous case of â€Å"Marbury v. Madison,† which has since become a power of the Supreme Court, even though it isn’t listed in the Constitution.By Marshall exercising a power not directly listed in the Constitution, it shows his loose constructionist views. Despite the tendencies of the Federalist Party members to have loose constructionist views, there were several exceptions to this during the time of the Jefferson and Madison presidencies. An example of one of these exceptions was when Daniel Webster, a Federalist from New Hampshire, and other Federalists opposed the conscription bill the Madison administration attempted to get passed (Document D).Their argument was that no where in the Constitution does it say that the government can force people to serve in the military. This shows a moment where certain members followed strict constructionist view, but conversely also shows a moment where Democratic-Republicans (the Madison administration) acted under loose constructionist views. Another example of the Federalists holding strict constructionist views is when they pushed heavily for Congress to require a two-thirds majority to pass things like admitting states to the union or declaring war.During the time of the Jefferson and Madison administrations, Democratic-Republicans were generally seen as strict constructionists while Federalists were generally seen as loose constructionists. As seen earlier, Jefferson, Madison, and other Republicans did express strict constructionist beliefs during their terms, and conversely the Federalists, such as John Marshall, often expressed their loose constructionist beliefs during those times. However, both parties did not always adhere to these beliefs, each having their own unique exceptions depending on the situation

Anti-alcoholism Programms - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Anti-alcoholism Programms - Smart Custom Writing Gulf Spill's Estimated Impact May Be More than $1.7 Billionâ€Å"If tourism losses reach 30 percent and fishing losses 80 percent what Addy called the worst-case scenario the overall economic loss would reach more than $3.3 billion, with almost 49,000 jobs wiped out and up to $150 million in state and local tax revenues not collected† (Woodruff, By Cosby). The British Petroleum oil spill is measured as a cost in monetary value. However, it is more than that. It is a failure of policy. An act of greed. A disrespect of life itself. Rebecca Solnit has shed light on all the widespread repercussions of the British oil spill in her article entitled ‘Diary’. She has effectively used pathos as well as ethos to communicate her claim and I strongly agree that the combination of both these is necessary to explain such an issue. Moreover, she has mentioned first hand and gathered insight from the ground workers themselves. Thus, I support her approach on the issue. The article, based on the writer’s personal experience, has the appeal to ethos as well as pathos right in the opening paragraph which immediately identifies that the writers is well-informed and is absolutely clear about her approach to the argument. This method is reasonably effective to explain an environmental issue because such issues inherently involve both the use of facts as well as an appeal to ones feelings. The article starts by a vivid description of the most perfect environment to live in, with ‘oak trees’, ‘Spanish moss and Mardi grass beads’,’ beautiful old houses with turrets’ and most importantly, ‘no refineries’ for miles.   Suddenly, the reader is engaged with an abrupt transition from the thoughts of the heavenly abode to the bitter reality, that is, of the existence of ‘powerful smell of gasoline’ and a ‘strange metallic taste in ones mouth’. Here, the writer has effectively gained the reader’s attention by reminding them that the even the most serene environments, free from massive development, are negatively affected by the BP oil spills. Moreover, the writer also pinpoints the inadequate measures taken by the authorities in regard to the spills. She reminds the reader of the fact that the tragic incident of the British Petroleum oil spill was only catered for or more appropriately, temporarily unplugged, in mid-July. Millions of gallons of oil was still floating in the ocean and travelling in the air.   She also highlights the fact that the handout published by the Disease Control and Prevention and the Environmental Protection Agency was unhelpful. Furthermore, it provided evidence of the policy maker’s indifference as the handout bluntly stated ‘These effects should go away when levels go down or when a person leaves the area’. However, she presents a weak argument to support her assertion. The fact that a birdwatcher, Drew Wheelan, wrote on his blog, ‘that 20 hours later my mouth and tongue still feel as though they’ve been burned by a hot liquid’, does not provide concrete evidence that the effects ward off with distance. It might just be a fictitious claim or an attempt to generate negative propaganda. If the claim was verifiable or has she been able to establish Drew Wheelan as a reliable source, than the case might have been in her favour. The writer has accommodated all class of people being affected by the environmental damage in her article to highlight the widespread affects of the spills. She writes. ‘ it’s home, for pregnant women, for children, for old people who’ve spent their entire lives here, for people who love the place passionately   †¦ And for countless birds, fish, crustaceans, cetaceans and other ocean life. The spill has hit them all hard’. Here, the use of pathos is again very effective as she instantly strikes an emotional cord when she mentions that people of all age group, gender and medical condition are adversely affected by the traumatic repercussions of the oil spill. Her approach to the oil spill being better explained as synonymous to a blowout on policy also identifies her deep understating of the widespread repercussions of the issue. She claimed that she also saw the pictures of oiled pelicans like the others, but insists that the sensitivity of the issue is far complex than just a spill causing threat to life (human and animal both). It is actually a failure of policy under ‘the Bush-era corruption that turned the Minerals Management Service into a crony-ridden camp’. Here again, she has been able to highlight another flaw in the system which most of the articles on environmental damage fail to account for. Along with highlighting the failure of the companies and policies involved, she has also pointed the general apathy and ignorance of the people. She emphasized that petrol is part of our daily life, we are well aware of the threats posed, but never bother. Thus, she has rightfully held both profit oriented companies and people responsible for the hazards. This also adds complexity to her approach on the issue and makes it more appropriate. Most of the facts mentioned have been gathered through reliable sources like CNN and the employees themselves. For example, she mentions the BP clean up worker who quit because he was asked to only remove the surface sand. Similarly, another worker was fired on questioning over the clean up process and keeping the media at bay. Workers had to sign non-disclosure agreements and all their recording technologies were confiscated. All these provide evidence that the BP was well aware of the health and environmental violations but displayed unexplainable apathy. Perhaps the strongest argument presented by the author is the comparison between natural and technological disasters. She explains that hurricanes come, wreck and are soon over. Hurricane Katrina alone led to eight million gallons of petroleum being spilled. However, the damage was rectified. However, the damage posed by technological disasters like meltdowns, contaminations and toxic spills can neither be measured and nor be controlled. Effectively Building her argument further, she explains that ‘uncertainty has been central to the horror of spills’ as ‘the spill has no clear termination, no precedent, there’s little that ordinary people can do to respond, and no imaginable end to its consequences’. As mentioned earlier, the writer has cleverly presented the issues of people with differences in age, gender and social status. She quotes a poor tattoo artist, the person who called the first big demonstration against BP in New Orleans and co-founder of the organization ‘Murdered Gulf’, saying that ‘I don’t even eat seafood anymore, because that shit’s fucked up.’ Similarly, she highlights the threat to the $330 million fishing industry posed by the diversion of Mississippi river water. The industry is the livelihood of highly skilled but poorly educated people. On the other hand, a University of Alabama economist, Sam Addy claims that "Water transportation was not affected to our knowledge, fishing lost at least one major season out of two annually, and tourism was not wiped out al though it was severely impacted in the two coastal counties". The evidence against this assertion is the fact that twenty-one years after the Exxon Valdez spill, fishing industry has not revived. It is unjust to deny the repercussions and avoid taking responsibility of one’s act. Moreover, the existence of adverse affects after twenty-one years presses one to ponder how long would the BP oil spills last and what will be the repercussions.   The article finishes on the same note and thus, a solemn message was communicated effectively. Almost all the aspects of the issue were covered and diverse perspectives were also highlighted. Woodruff, By Cosby. "Gulf Spill's Estimated Impact May Be More than $1.7 Billion | Montgomeryadvertiser.com | Montgomery Advertiser." Montgomeryadvertiser.com | Montgomery Advertiser | Montgomery News, Community, Entertainment, Yellow Pages and Classifieds. Serving Montgomery, AL. 06 Nov. 2010. Web. 06 Nov. 2010. montgomeryadvertiser.com/article/20101106/NEWS02/11060346/Gulf spill s estimated impact may be more than 1.7 billion.

Outsourcing And Project Valuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Outsourcing And Project Valuation - Essay Example Typically the service that they share is not considered their core-business and the firms that are outsourced specialize in those specific types of work. The outsourced organizations are referred to as - centers for shared services – and are in charge of handling and executing of specific operational tasks, such as human resources, payroll, legal, compliance, security. Outsourcing could take the form of hiring service providers who handle the distinct business processes, for example, employee benefits management (Brown and Wilson 2005). Currently the management in the organization has not outsourced any service, but plan to use the shared services. The organization is a small computer store and has lately experience massive growth in revenues. This has brought the strain to meet the finance and administrative tasks to support the core program work. Management feels the need for a more professional touch to the operation of the organization since it is dissatisfied with the per formance of the in-house paid staff or pro bono professionals. The impact of not finding better solutions to the transactional and accounting service has been high staff turnover, inefficiency and burnout, cash flow crises, loss of funding, missed opportunities etc. At best, the negative impacts have posed as great distraction for the leaders and have stunted the growth and sustainability. The perceived benefits of using shared service centers have motivated the management to consider this outsourcing option. The decision to outsource has been put down by the strategic managers and they have arrived at that by brainstorming through the stages. First, they have developed the organization’s principal about the role of outsourcing activities by strategic thinking. Second, the evaluation and selection phase has led them to decide on the appropriate projects to consider outsourcing and the service providers to select. Third phase involved contract development, outlining the legal work and service level agreement terms. Finally management has considered refining the ongoing working relations between the clients and outsourced service providers. In the plan to use outsourcing the consideration has been the success index. This depends on three factors: timely and efficient communication to affected staff; client’s position to manage the service providers; and executive-level support in the outsourcing mission in the client organization. Management realizes that the service provider being outsourced needs a combination of skills in areas such as, communication, negotiation, project management and the ability to understand the terms and conditions of the contracts. Most importantly is the service providers’ willingness to change with the changing business needs. DQ2-Measuring return on investment (ROI) How does your company/organization measure returns on investments (ROI) in IT? What process is in place to approve  projects, and what weight, if a ny, is given to using financial metrics in the project approval process? The managing director of the computer store has established a performance measure to evaluate the efficiency of the investment in IT by the company. The ROI metric is popular in the company because of its simplicity and versatility and it can clearly show if the investment has a positive ROI or otherwise. Adopting the ROI measure was encouraged by the need to have a type of economic justification, specifically to provide the executive and strategic

Connection between gender roles and violence against women Essay

Connection between gender roles and violence against women - Essay Example This essay "Connection between gender roles and violence against women" outlines the power of gender roles in society and how it is linked with violence against women. One does not need to look very hard in order to find a situation in which gender roles encourage a level of abuse and violence towards women. The young girls are told from the very earliest of ages that it is not ladylike to raise their voice or command in a demanding tone. Although it is possible that the same advice is given to young boys, it is far less common. Competition and demanding attitudes within boys is oftentimes encouraged; not only within the home but within a litany of sports programs and competitive engagements that these young boys are encouraged to take part in. In short, the children of our society are predisposed to an understanding of the fact that girls should be tended and shy by nature whereas boys should be boisterous and demanding; exercising a will to power over society and their own individu al wants. Of course, the same can be true with regards to sex and the means by which children are taught expected behavior with regards to sex. By and large, abstinence is most strictly promoted for girls as chastity is viewed as something of a feminine virtue. Although this is partly the case for boys, the level and extent to which this is evident is greatly reduced than the level and extent in which it is exhibited and girls. What such a differential suggests is that boys will be boys and should and probably will engage in a high number of sexual activities. prior to some form of monogamy. However, women should not be in charge of their own sexuality and perhaps cannot even be trusted to be in charge of it; thereby demanding that they remain chaste and abstinent. Returning to the power dynamic that boys and men are instilled with a nearly every aspect of world culture, one can see the way

Leadership assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership - Assignment Example The main drawback of the manager was that he was very autocratic in his style. The company consisted of 100 employees then. Though there were divisional managers for each functional level, the decisions for the functional levels are taken by the MD himself. Even if the decisions of the divisional managers are worth, the MD hardly approves them. The second major drawback of his is that he is less concerned about the growth of his employees. In other words, he is highly afraid of being dethroned by other talents in the company. When an employee aims for taking accreditation tests, he de-motivates them by saying that it is not required at their stage and they could think of it on some later years. Overall he wants the employees to progress very slowly in the organization. But there is one good quality that he possesses. He takes quick decisions. There were many instances where the company required immediate decisions to sustain business. He was good enough to take decision at the right time and sustain the business. Though decision making is one of the best skills of a leader, its sole possession cannot make a person an efficient leader. Organizational Structure and Culture The organization which I worked for was a partnership firm. The company had a very informal culture. As per the firm’s objectives, there were no strict hierarchies to be followed. Everybody from the associate staff to the top directors of the firm are to be addressed each other’s by their first name only. Even an associate staff has the liberty to report anything directly to the chairman or director. Every individual who is recruited to the company is being given orientation program about the organizational culture and practices. This one week of orientation program is given in order to make the individual learn and unlearn various things. The culture of the firm has definitely helped me to enhance my relationship skills. The only hindrance for growth was the attitude of the manag ing director. My role in the company was a consultant. A consultant is just one level next to the associate staff. I am a person who likes to interact and mingle with people. The company’s culture helped me to be in constant interaction with the divisional managers and even the managing director. I could always interact with them on work or non-work related matters. The workforce of the firm was divided into various groups based on the companies for which the consulting is performed. A group is not permanent and each group will have members based on their team requirements. For instance, the team for Kraft Foods consulting will be different from the team for John Deer consulting. Both the teams may or may not have common members in them. Therefore, the team system enables an individual to be connected with various people in the organization. The team will also undergo minor re-shuffling every year. Each team will also have a person as a team lead who will manage the smooth fl ow of work in that team. Therefore, it gives an individual the opportunity for enhancing their leadership skills. Performance of the selected leader As discussed before, one of the good qualities of the managing director was his effective communication skills. He always communicated well with the employees. In that way he has helped me to motivate me on my communication skills. I always like to interact with people. I could always talk to him about anything. He always

Marketing plan for the salad bar

Marketing plan for the salad bar This project involves designing a market plan for soon to be opened fast food chain named The Salad Bar. The purpose of The Salad Bar is to provide fairly priced salads in a fast food restaurant. The introduction of the salads is in a bid to contribute in solving the current challenges of obesity that have been associated with fast foods, which as result have been considered unhealthy. Despite efforts by some companies to introduce healthy foods such as salads, the quality of their foods in terms of taste and attractiveness is still wanting. The entry into the market of a new healthy, fast foods company will shift the markets attention to the new products that have not existed before. As a result, the market and demand for the new products will be anticipated since the products are new and the idea behind their introduction is widely appreciated. In a quest to create customers for the products or services, this paper will highlight the actions that help to in the management of the marketing process. Background and Rationale The rise in obesity in the world and especially in the United States has been alarming in the recent years. The obesity problem has resulted in debates on the types of food that should be eaten in order to have good health and avoid obesity. Most researches conducted trace the source of this development to the rise in the consumption of fast foods. A research conducted by Bowman et al (2009), concluded that consumption of fast foods among children in the United States seemed to have negative effect on the dietary quality in ways that plausibly could increase risk for obesity (p.112). The research indicates that the dietary factors associated with fast foods may lead to excessive weight gain such as massive portion size, palatability. According to Bowman, Bryan and Vinyard (2004), the number of adults who frequently consumed fast food increased from early 1990s to the mid- 1990s, and adds that the trends was projected to continue. Most of the people who consumed fast foods were aware of the fact that fast foods are high energy foods and can lead to obesity if frequently consumed. The research recommends that customers should ask for nutritional information fast foods should there no information nutritional information indicated. Young and Nestle (2002), indicate that despite the federal government requirement that fast food should have labels on them as dietary guidance; the market place portions of foods that are the major contributors of energy to US diets have significantly increased. It has been revealed that obesity accounts for a large percentage of deaths in the United States every year and the rates are on the increase in every decade. The rise is attributed to the increasing consumption of fast foods. Chlosser (2001) indicates that the additives that give processed foods their taste are man-made and people are driven to buy mainly by their meticulous packaging. The report points out that about 90% of the money that Americans spend on food is used to buy processed foods. He argues that the quality that people seek in food is the flavor, which is usually forms an almost negligible quantity as of the food. It is in view of the above problems based on market analysis and literature reviews that the idea of The Salad bar was thought of. Instead of the use of additives and processed ingredients, The Salad Bar will use natural food additives and will seek to prepare the salads in ways that will preserve the best flavors, while keeping the natural nutrients intact. The empowering of the public with the knowledge of the inherent benefits of The Salads Bar salads as a result of their natural production will act as the competitive edge for company. The salad bar is a high quality and healthy salads business start-up that will deliver to its customer by means of fast food restaurant. While the vision is Healthy Food for All; The Salad Bars mission is to be the leader in the provision of healthy, quality, great tasting fast foods salads at affordable prices. The salad bar will establish its first restaurant in South California and seeks to establish close contact with customers and to build excellent business relationships, driven by desire to delightfully meet its customers needs. The Salad Bar is a privately-held California corporation and maintains an office and a store located in a mixed-use area of San Jose, California. The salad bar was started with a view to providing a healthier place where people can eat. The fact that there are few firms that focus either on salads or healthier base foods forms the premise for the establishment of the salad bar. It is in this view coupled with the absence of tight competition in the fast food industry that The Salad Bar anticipates to exceed its financial forecasts. The aim of the business is to create a place where people can enjoy healthy foods with best service at affordable prices. Objectives The objectives that are set out in the establishment of The Salad Bar are in line with the company mission and vision. Firstly, the company intends to provide salads which are tasty, have the natural health ingredients and can be afforded by the customers. Secondly is to create a brand and a household name in the fast foods industry as a chain that provides the best service. Thirdly, the company targets to expand and attain a national status in about five years to increase access of quality foods by customers countrywide. The Salad bar, in its expansion objectives anticipates increased ownership of the company and if possible by as many customers as possible to create a sense of belonging among customers and the general public. In addition, the company will create awareness through campaigns to sensitize the public on the dangers associated with consuming fast foods. This platform will as well act as a point for marketing the company products by offering them as safer alternatives. As a result, the company will enjoy sustained market for its products and hence the realization of sustainable competitive advantage. The Salad bar shall lay down several strategies relevant to its business to ensure sustained competitiveness in the market. Efforts will be put in place to reduce customer defection; increase longevity of customer relationship; enhance the growth potential through cross-selling and up-selling and make low profit customers more profitable. With a view to gathering information for the purposes of assessing the market and understand the customer responses and possible start-up challenges, a survey was conducted. Questionnaires were used and twelve respondents filled the questionnaires. The results of the survey will inform the analysis that is done before the start-up. Twelve people were surveyed. The following is the questionnaire used in the survey: Are you a salad eater? (I would want to make sure I am talking to a salad eater How many times a week or month do you eat salads? Where do you go when you want to buy a salad? Are they good and fair priced (maybe also ask how much they pay for a good one typically)? What would you like to get if you good make your own choice of a salad? If there was a fast food salad place, would you go there? What would you think would be a fair price for a salad would be? How many times a week or month do you think you would eat at one if it was good and fair priced? Would you prefer to eat a salad of our liking over which ever fast food you normally prefer? What would you not want to see in a place like The Salad Bar? What would you want to see in a place like The Salad Bar? Analysis The results of the survey indicate that most of the people eat salads considering that all the twelve respondents said that they eat salads and like salads. Some of the respondents reported that they make their salads at home and some get them when they come along with food as side salads in restaurants. Most of the respondents understood the need to eat healthy food, but their main problem was where to find healthy food. The idea of The Side Bar excited the respondents and predicted that it be a successful idea. The salads sold should be fresh and having a selection of well cooked meat. The respondents pointed out they that they need to find the salad in conveniently and affordably. The Products The Salad Bar will follow the In-n-Out Burgers model: have a small but effective menu, with the main focus being on salads. By focusing strictly on salads, The Salad Bar will ensure that simplicity is kept and the menu is not unnecessarily overcrowded with food items. A decent assortment of toppings will be supplied as they can be easy to store and cheap as well. Meats free from fat and grease shall form part of the salad to bring about variety. The inclusion of meats follows the high number of customers who desire it included in their salad as concluded by the survey. Fast foods such as chocolate or vanilla milkshakes will not be served at the The Salad Bar, since they do not meet the The Salad Bar criteria for healthy fast foods. Instead, The Salad Bar will serve fresh real fruit shakes. The fruit can be used for milkshakes, toppings for salads, or for customers who do not like regular salads; a fruit salad made from a fruit or fruits of their own preference are served. Planning to aggressively transform the content, the view and effects of fast food in society, The Salad Bar seeks to introduce a healthy way to eat, while it remains in the fast food industry by distributing its products through fast food restaurants. To achieve these plans, inclusion of a large selection of salads and toppings for customers to add to their meal, will offer a greater variety, compared to a selection of a few salads that competitors offer. In addition, more diverse ways to eat the salads will be devised to ensure that customers have a new and delightful experience. In view of getting the best ingredients for the salads, establishment of a good relationship with the suppliers is critical. In this connection, the Salad Bar will seek to identify reputable suppliers; whose products are known to be fresh and of credible quality. As a result the The Salad Bar will be enabled to avail fresh and delicious, organic foods to the customer that will have not bring negative consequences to their health. Apart from strengthening the product brand, the company targets to produce high quality products and to package the products carefully in order to appeal to customers. Warranties relating to maintenance of standards should be given to the customers in order to promote customer loyalty. Place The most strategic place for the salad bar should have a large volume of people on daily basis, preferably a shopping centre. This is necessary for convenience on the side of the customer as they can easily frequent, and the realization of increased volume of sales for the proprietor. Sales are expected to be high basis due to many people who are employed at the centre who will be interested to search for healthier lunch selections. Drawing from experience and observation, it is clear that people many people have made it a habit to eat salads throughout the day. The strategy behind locating business in a shopping centre is that most shopping areas have high traffic and most food spots in these areas are costly. High population, coupled with the strategy of setting prices comparatively lower than competition, prices, more sales than those of an average restaurant in a normal location can be made. Businesses that are strategically located need much good will as they leave the premises due to the advantages accrued ranging from access to customers to access to supplies by the company due to the convenience afforded by an efficient communication infrastructure. The place will determine the distribution channels which may be direct, retail distributors and intermediaries. A competent criteria for vetting groceries that will act as outlets will be developed. Logistics of transportation, warehousing and order fulfillment will be developed by the company to ensure efficiency in supply of materials. The company will also seek to motivate the market. Price When searching for a good salad it can be hard to find one that is good at a decent price. Considering that the besides taste, price is one of the most important factors in the driving force of the success of The Salad Bar, price determination for the product requires a careful consideration. The price set should enable the company to make profit and at the same time remain competitive in the market. The goal of The Salad Bar is to have fresh delicious salads at the prices that almost compare to those of a normal fast food restaurant. The proposed price range for The Salad Bar would be from $6 to $12 depending on the size and the customer preference in the salad. The expectation held is that the combined effect of quality food and the comparatively low prices for the products will result in increased sales and widened customer base, which translates to increased profits and customer loyalty. Besides setting a competitive price, the use of price in marketing can be gainful to the comp any. The pricing strategy include developing a list price, offering discounts , bundling , giving flexible payment terms and financing options such as use of credit cards and leasing options. Promotion Promotions are the most important factor in the marketing mix. This is what because it is the means through which the soon to be customers know the business and the products to be offered. Without promotions, it will take long for the business to be known, a situation that may increase the time the business takes before it is profitable. The fact that promotions can be expensive Promotions can be very costly necessitates that a proprietor should have the right marketing plan. Good ways to start promoting are old conventional ways such as coupons in the weekly paper, or coupon websites, door hangers with coupons, and commercials. In opening the first Salad Bar, commercials might be a bit overboard. In designing the best marketing plan for this product, the cost effectiveness of the promotion method is critical. The main activities that will be involved in the promotion of the product include neon signs that will be placed on the business premise for night advertising and registration to participate in the next business exhibition shortly after the launch of The Salad Bar. Other promotion initiatives will include the purchase of a computer for on-line marketing, brochure printing and attending training sessions by a human resource development firm. SWOT Analysis As the Salad Bar establishes itself in the market, there are a handful of strengths that act as impetus to starting a business. First, the creation of a strong product with focus being on quality, effect on the health of the customer, quick customer service and setting of affordable prices will set the company apart from the rest. Secondly, based on the market survey conducted, the results indicate the existence of demand for the products that The Salad bar intends to bring to the market. Thirdly the anticipated demand for the products will translate to increased sales, and therefore bulk purchases from suppliers will be needful. Bulk buying will ensure lowered purchase prices hence improved profits. In addition, the adoption of the already existing restaurant model for selling the new products enables the business to easily fit in the market. Ability to capitalize on brand ad concept with the expansion through franchising and other market segments is also an advantage to the business. Finally the specificity of the menu; focus on salads will curve out a market for The Salad Bar. Weaknesses The main weaknesses that the company faces are related to the product. Dependability of concept on some of the food products, and since food products cannot be patented; this need to be addressed by building strong brand awareness and establishing copyright on total quality system. Another weakness to the business is that the product may be vulnerable and will be weakened over time. This weakness can be minimized through manufactured goods innovation and diversification. In addition, the limitations in revenue will limits The Salad Bar to start in one location then build up as it expands to occupy new locations. Marketing challenges may also be experienced due to financial limitations as the company builds revenue. The marketing Budget The marketing budget will allocate money for the various planned activities. Included in the budget are the costs that will be incurred in the process of marketing such as marketing and advertising. The budget for The Salad Bar will be as shown below: Activity Cost ($) Neon Signs 330 Budget for Annual marketing Efforts 6500 Advertising in local business Magazine 500 Brochure Design and Copywriting 450 Advertising in the business Newspaper 1200 Brochure Printing 270 Registration for Business exhibition 175 Product Launching 4000 Computer for e-mail marketing 1000 Training Sessions 1000 In order to track effectiveness, evaluation shall be done at the middle and at the end of the year; comparing the gross sales and the expenses. This is done by identifying the measurable objectives of the marketing agenda and tracking them through the budget period in order to assess their performance. Changes to the budget may be necessary to the budget over time if performance is not as was anticipated. The constant evaluation will point out the areas that need more attention as the business adjusts to the market conditions. Documentation should be done at every stage of the business whether profits or losses are made to secure records for future referencing. This will act as an internal control to ensure that the company does not run at a loss without the knowledge of the management.

Prohibition was Ineffective :: American History

Thirteen Years That Damaged America I have always taken an interest in the Roaring Twenties and that is why I decided to write my English term paper on an event that occurred in the 1920s. What follows is my term paper which concentrates on prohibition and why it was not effective, namely because of lack of enforcement, growth of crime, and the increase in the drinking rate. I hope this may be of some help to you. "Prohibition did not achieve its goals. Instead, it added to the problems it was intended to solve" (Thorton, 15). On Midnight of January 16, 1920, one of the personal habits and customs of most Americans suddenly came to a halt. The Eighteenth Amendment was put into effect and all importing, exporting, transporting, selling, and manufacturing of intoxicating liquor was put to an end. Shortly following the enactment of the Eighteenth Amendment, the National Prohibition Act, or the Volstead Act, as it was called because of its author, Andrew J. Volstead, was put into effect. This determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcoholic content of anything more than 0.5 percent, omitting alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. This act also set up guidelines for enforcement (Bowen, 154). Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, seen by some as the devil's advocate, and thereby reduce crime, poverty, death rates, and improve the economy and the qual ity of life. "National prohibition of alcohol -- the 'noble experiment' -- was undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America" (Thorton, 1). This, however, was undoubtedly to no avail. The Prohibition amendment of the 1920s was ineffective because it was unenforceable, it caused the explosive growth of crime, and it increased the amount of alcohol consumption. "It is impossible to tell whether prohibition is a good thing or a bad thing. It has never been enforced in this country" (LaGuardia). After the Volstead Act was put into place to determine specific laws and methods of enforcement, the Federal Prohibition Bureau was formulated in order to see that the Volstead Act was enforced. Nevertheless, these laws were flagrantly violated by bootleggers and alike. Bootleggers smuggled liquor from oversees and Canada,commoners stole it from government warehouses, and produc ed their own. Many people hid their liquor in hip flasks, false books, hollow canes, and anything else they could find (Bowen, 159).